botanical name -Triticum aestivum family -grammineae

1

fo "k; & lwph

1- izLrkouk  

2- mn ~ s';  

3- vejdaVd ds n'kZuh; LFky  

4- , sfrgkfld n`f "V ls i; ZVu dh fLFkfr  

5- Hkkjr esa i; ZVu foHkkx fuxe  

6- vejdaVd igqpus dk ekxZ  

7- i; ZVu dss lq> ko  

8- vejdaVd dh ns'kkarh ov {kka'k fLFkfr  

9- lUnZHk xzaFk lwph                                           i; Zvu vejdaVd

Ishlarcouk & VejdkVd vuwiiqj ftys dh iq "Ijktksh <+ rglhy esa vkezdV ls vejda.Vd cukA ; c LFkku foU /; kapy vkSj lriqM + Flash ioZr Jsfkk; ksa ds iwoZ esa flFkr esdy igkfM +; ksa esa clk gSA . vkfn n'kZuh; LFky gSA

                                          ; gk¡ 10 oh 11 oh 'krkCnh esa dypqjh jktoa'k ds' kkldksa} kjk cuk; sx; s izkphu eafnj gSA

                                          v ejda.Vd ueZnk dk mn ~ xe LFky gksus ds dkj.k izfl) rhFkZ gSaA; g esdy Jsf.k; ksa ij clk gqvk gSA; gk¡ lqUnj euksje, oa je.kh; LFky gS] tks pkjks vksj ls taxy ls f? Kjk gqvk gSA

                                          ; gk¡ yksx ueZnk th ds n'kZu ds lkFk & lkFk; gk¡ ds euksje n` "; ns [kus vkrs gSA blhfy, foU /; iq = esdy dh ioZr J`a [kyk o je.kh; okrkoj.k vejda .Vd dks rhFkZ ds lkFk u; uk & fHkjke i; ZVu LFky dk Lo: i Hkh iznku djrs gSA rhu gtkj fQV ls Hkh vf / kd Å¡pkbZ ij clk ds iBkjh izns'k ls ns dsy ks oks. `{k vkSj LoPN okrkoj.k ds dkj.k euksje dgykrk gSA 

Jh vejdaVd rhFkZ e /; izns'k ds vuwiiqj ftys esa l? ku ouksa ds e /; clk gqvk NksVk lk lqUnj fnO; Uxj GS ; Gk Gesa Fo'ks "K Izdkj Dh / Kkfe Zd Vk /; KfRed VuqHkwfr Gksrh GSA VejdaVd Esdy IoZr Ij FLFkfr Ifo = Uxj GSA VejdaVd IkSjkfkkd JgL; Ksa Ls Hkjh FnO; Riks Uxjh ¼ Tiksukshj½ c Agriculture

; gkW cz Egk] fo ".kq] egs'k, oa vusd ( vejdaVd ueZnk, oa lksu unh dk mn ~ xe LFk y gS A fgUnqvks dk iq .; LFky vejdaVda ou {ks = ls f? kjk gqvk gSvk gSvk ; kpy ioZr ekykvksa esa leqnzry ls 1 gtkj 65 ehVj mpkbZ i j fLFkr gS; gkW dh nqX / k / kkjk] d fiy / kkjk ekWbZ dh cfx; k] Hk`xq deaMy bRkfR jefk; g okbZ vM ~ Mk tcyiqj ; gkW ls 245 fdyks0 nwj fLFkr gS A fudVre jsyos LVs'ku iSUM ~ k jksM 12 fdyks0 nwjh ij vuwiiqj 48 fdyks0 nwjh ij fLFkr gS A iVlx Bvkz gvk dvkl gvk dxlVGk dVGd jVdk dVGd jk dxlVK ~ gVk dxlKViKlKi | / keZ 'kkyk, ¡ miyC / ​​k gS A

vejda.Vd esa f'kojkf = ioZ dk cgqr egRo gSA pUnzxzg.k esa Hkh; gk¡ cgqr ls rhFkZ; k = h vkrs gSaA dgk tkrk gS] fd ^^ xaxk th ds Luku djus i ks z zk lsk ksvk th ds n'kZu ek = ls gh ikiksa dk var gks tkrk gSA

mís'; % &

izLrqr v / ;; u ^^ Hkkjr esa i; ZVu leL; k, oa lek / kku ds fo "k; esa fd; kx; k gSA **

              izLrqr v / ;; u dk mís'; Hkkjr ds izeq [ki; ZVu LFkyksa dks izdk'k esa ykuk rFkk ogk¡ ij fo | eku leL; kvksa dh fpUgksa dks tM + ls feVkuk pkfg, A

              pwfd i; ZVu, dm | ksx ds: i esa LFkkfir gks pqdk gSA Hkkjr ds cgqla [; k leqnk; izR; {k; k ijks {k: i ls y {; fxr gks jgk gSA

              blfy, tc ch -, - f} rh; o "kZ dh Nk = k ds: i esa ifj; kstuk dk; Z djus dk volj feyk gS] rks eSus vius ifj; kstuk dk; Z ds fy, i; ZVu ds {ks = esa dk; Z djuk fuf'pr fd; kA

              eS Lo; a, d / kkfeZd egRo ds i; ZVu LFky vejda.Vd ds utnhdh xzke ds fuoklh gw¡] A blfy, ogk¡ fd izkÑfrd lqUnjrk eq> s lnSo vkdf "kZr fd; kA

                                                                                                                              uke

                                                                                                                   nso yky

vejda.Vd ds n'kZuh; LFky% &

1- ekW ueZnk mn ~ xe LFky, oa ifjlj fLFkr dq.M rFkk fofHkUu eafnj% & egkHkkjr ds ouiwoZ es oa'k xqYe ls ueZnk mn ~ xe LFky dh tkudkjh fekqh fkfk dhkkfh dkhkkh fk dkhkkh fk dkhkkh fkfkkhhkfh dkfhkkhhkfh dkfhkkhhkfh dkhkkh fkFk dhkkh fkFk dhkkfh dk dkhkk dhhhhhhhhhh. ekurs gSA vejda.Vd esa dbZ eafnjksa dk fuek.kZ djk; kx; k gS% &               

½1½ ueZnk dk f'ko eafnj             

¼2½ dkfrZds; eafnj] Jh jke tkudh eafnj             

½3½ Jh lw; Zukjk; .k eafnj             

¼4½ ek¡ nqxkZ eafnj             

¼5½ Jh jk / kk Ñ ".k eafnj] X; kjg: nz eafnj vkfnA             

ekbZ dh cfx; k% &

ueZnk eafnj ls iwoZ fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 1 fdeh0 dh nwjh ij ekbZ dh cfx; k uked euksje LFkku gSA ftls pj.kksnd dq.M ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA; c ueZnk dk Øhn + K LFky gSA ekbZ dh cfx; k LFkku ds lUnHkZ esa, d tuJqfr izpfyr gS] fd Jh ueZnk th ckY; dky esa blh cfx; k esa viuh l [kh xqyckdkoyh ds lkFk ØhM + k fd; k djrh gSA

lksuewM + k ¼lksuHknz mnxe LFky½% &

ekbZ dh cfx; k ls yxHkx 1 fdeh0 dh nwjh ij nf {kk fn'kk dh vkSj lksuewM + k uked LFky gSA czEgk th ds ekul iq = lksu dk mn ~ xe LFky gSA lksu mn ~ xk mn ~ e dq.M gSA lksu rFkk Hknz nksuksa dk laxe dq.M lehi gh gSA laxe gksus ds i '~ pkr lksuHknz, du; k uke cudj vkxs izokfgr gksrs gSA laxe dq.M lj hj i jhxh x dj.x lj y khj tyizikr ls fxjus ds i '~ pkr Hkw xHkZ esa lekfgr gks tkrs gSA vkSj vUnj gh vUnj yxHkx 60 eh0 dh nwjh ij lksu cpokj uked LFkku ls iqu% izdV gksrsa gSA vkxs pydj fo'kky unh dk: Epic /kkgkk dj ysrs gSA

tkys'oj eafnj% &

                                          Jh ueZnk eafnj ls mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 8 fdeh- dh nwjh ij tkys'oj ¼egksno½ uked ck.kfyax LFkkfir gSA

                                          Ldan iqjk.k ls yh x; h dFkk lr; qxesa cyh uke dk Js "B nSR; Fkk] mlds iq = dk uke ok.kklqj Fkk] mldh lgL = Hkqtk, a FkhA lgL = Hkqtkvjk ds; f / kd cy'kkyh Fkk ok.kklqj, d lgL = fnO; o "kksZ rd Hkxoku 'kadj dh vkjk / kuk dhA vkjk / kuk ls larq" V gksdj Hkxoku' kadj us oj ek¡xus dks dgkA

                                          Okk.kklqj cksyk & Hkxoku! esjk uxj fnO; rFkk lEiw.kZ nsorkvksa ds fy, vts; gks tk; s] vkidks NksM + dj nwljs fdlh vU; nsork dk izos'k dj ikuk vlEHko gksaA esjk; g uxj esjs fLFkj jgus ij fLFkj jgs vkSj esjs pyus ij lkFk & lkFk pys, oa loZnk esjs fpRr ds vuqdwu gx dx jx xxxxxxk xxxxk xxxxk xxk xxk xxx xxxxx / xkx / o / o / your OO / O / O / O / O / O O PH / O / O ".kq rFkk Hkxoku czEgka us, d &, d dj ojnku ns fn; kA rhu iqj izkIr djus ds ckn ok.kklqj f = iqj dgyk; k; s rhuks iqj Øe'k% yksgk] pk¡nho, o. ds FksA

                                          ok.kklqj oj ikdj vR; f / kd 'kfDr'kkyh gks x; k vkSj' kfDr ds? keaM esa; {k] fo / kk? kj] nso] nkuo] xU / koZ vkSj jk {klksa ds leLr fuokku LF fuku lekIr dj MkykA ok.kklqj ls Hk; Hkhr gksdj leLr nsork Hkxoku f'ko ds ikl igq¡ps vkSj dgk & Hkxoku vki gh gekjksa izk.kksa dj {kk dj ldrsa gSaRj uqd; ds ladV ls cpkb; sA

dfiy / kkjk% &

Jh ueZnk eafnj ls if'pe fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 6 fdeh- dh nwjh ij dfiy / kkjk uked LFkku gSA bl LFkku ij Jh ueZnk th dk izFke tyizikr cM + s izp. fxjrk gSA bl LFkku ij Jh ueZnk th dh ty / kkjk dh pkSM + kbZ yxHkx 20 fQV gSA

                            iqjk.kksa, oa fdoanfUr; ksa ds vuqlkj Jh ueZnk th dh ty / kkjk dks dfiyeqfu us jksdus dk iz; kl fd; k Fkk] rc Jh ueZnk us mÙkj fn; k gS fnO; Kkuh vkids vuqjks / k ls eS vR; Ur izlUu gw¡] eS: d ugh ldrh ijUrq bruk vk'khZokn vo '; ns ldrh gw¡] fd Hkfo "; rqEgkjk uke vej gks tk; sxkA

              nw / k / kkjk% &

              dfiy / kkjk esa if'pe fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 1 fdeh- dh nwjh ij nw / k / kkjk uked Jh ueZnk th dk f} rh; tyizikr gS]? kus ouksa ds e /; euksje NVk mifLFkr djrk gS] tyizikr dh Å¡pkbZ yxHkx 10 fQV gSA

                                          iqjk.kksa ds vuqlkj bl LFkku ij nqokZlk _f "k us ti fd; k Fkk] bl dkj.k bl LFkku dk uke nqokZlk / kkjk iM + k ijUrq dkykUrj esa bldk viHkzUj kj: lj kj kA tuJqfr; ksa ds vuqlkj blh LFkku ij jhok jkT; ds jktdqekj dks nw / k dh / kkjk ds: i esa Jh ueZnk th us n'kZu fd; k FkkA

ekbZ dk e.Mi% &

              Jh ueZnk eafnj ls iwoZ fn'kk dh vksj ekbZ dh cfx; k gksrs gq, dPps ekxZ ij yxHkx 8 fdeh- iSny pyus ij ekbZ dk e.Mi uked LFkku vkrk gSA tuJqfr ds vuqlkj bl LFkk ij Jh ueZnk th dk fookg czEgkiq = lksu ds lkFk gksus okyk fdUrq fo? u iM + us ds dkj.k fookg u gks ldkA ekbZ dk e.Mi? kus taxyksa ds e /; Jh nqxkZ / kkjk unh ds rV ij fLFkr gSA

                                          bl LFkku ij <ksy rFkk vkVs dh yksbZ dh Hkk¡fr fn [kkbZ nsus okys iRFkj ds cM + s & cM + s pV ~ Vku gS] ftUgsa ns [ksus ij, Slk izrhr gksrk gS] eku; gh Fks vkVs dh yksbZ rFkk <ksy gSA blh LFkku ij nks dq.M cus gq, gSaA ftUgsa gkaMh dq.Mh dgk tkrk gSA tuJqfr; ksa ds vuqlkj Fks dq.M ngst ds leku

vkfnukFk tSu eafnj% &

              Jh ueZnk eafnj ls mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 1 fdeh- dh nwjh ij Jh vkfnukFk tSu eafnj cuk gqvk gSA ije iwT; Jh 108 vkpk; Z Jh fo | klkxj th egkjkt dh iszj.kk ls vkt bl ikou Hkwfe ij HkO; fouky; dk fuekZ.k fd; k tk jgk gS] ftlesa Hkxoku Jh _ "kHk ~ nso dh v" V / kkrq ls fufeZr 24 Vu ¼24] 000] 00 fdxzk-½ out dh 10 fQV Å¡ph izfrek gS] Jh vkfnF dh izfrek dks / kkrqvksa ls fufeZr 1 dey ij fojkteku fd; kx; k gSA dey dk out yxHkx 17 Vu ¼17] 000] 00 fdxzk-½ gSA pkSM + k 125 fQV, oa f'k [kj dh Åxk fQV gksxhA eafnj dh uho dh xgjkbZ yxHkx 25 fQV gS], oa uho dh pqukbZ gtkjksa o "kZ iw.kZ dh okLrqfon i) fr ls dh xbZ gSA pqukbZ esa pwuk] nqMk] nqMk] xqk] nqMk] nqMk] xqm

cgxM + ukyk% &

              Jh ueZnk eafnj ls mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 35 fdeh- dh nwjh ij jktsUnzxzke ds fudV cgxM + ukyk uked Jh x.ks'k th dk eafnj gSA cgxM + ukyk ehn dfj.x; izfrek LFkkfir gSA fnO; dgus dk rkRi; Z; g gS] fd izfrek Lor% gh tknwbZ <ax ls i`Foh ij izdV gqbZ] tks Øe'k% c <+ rh gh tk jgh gSA orZeku esa Jh x.ks'k th dh izfrek dh Å¡pkbZ yxHkx 10 fQV gSA

                                          Hkxoku Jh x.ks'k eafnj ds ikl gh dYoqfjdkyhu f'ko eafnj [kf.Mr voLFkk esa gSA Hkxoku Jh x.ks'k eafnj ds fudV gh xkSjh dq.M rFkk xkSjh xqQk] konkyk esa tkdj [kqyrk gSA, Slk dgk tkrk gS] fd ekrk ikoZrh Hkxoku f'ko 'kadj th dh riL; k ds fy, blh LFkku ij vk; h Fkh, oa Hkxoku x.ks'k th dk lorkk ij gqvk FkkA

, sfrgkfld n`f "V ls i; ZVu dh fLFkfr% &

                            Ikzkphu dky ls fofHkUu fo} kuksa rFkk n'kZfud vk; ksZ tks vius bPNk 'kfDr dks vf / kd foLr`r rFkk rks viuh; k = k ds ek /; e ls, sfrgkfld uohurk ohkuk.

                            eaxLFkuhy dgr; ku gsulkax vkfnA izkphu dky esa Hkjr vkus okys, Sls i; ZVd tks fd viuh; k = k ds ek /; e ls bfrgkl dks, d uohu n`f "V iznku djus esa dZk VZkZk Vk dkk zF Vk dkk Vfk d zk V Fk V dk Vk V dk Vk V d zk V Vk V d f V z d V V k d f z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z e d f l d k d k e d l; fodkl esa i; ZVu vkfFkZd n`f "V ls tks egRoiw.kZ fl) gq, A

                            vFkkZr fdlh jk "Vª ds fodkl esa i; ZVu vkfFkZd n`f" V ls rks egRoiw.kZ fl) gq, gh vkSj fofHkUu jk "Vªksa esa lkaLÑfrd ifjorZu ykus esa, d egRkk gSA

Hkkjr i; ZVu fodkl fuxe

LFkkiuk mís'; % &

              Hkkjr ds i; ZVu ds fodkl esa Hkkjr i; ZVu fodkl fuxe ITDC eq [; Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA Hkkjr i; ZVd fodkl fuxe dh LFkkiuk lkoZtfud {ks = esa, d la; qDr mnØe ds: i esa rhu i`Fkd fu; eksa dk, dkdhdj.k djd lSa lu ~ 19k

i; ZVd dh leL; k, ¡% &

½1½ O; kid, oa vHkkoh izpkj izLrkj O; oLFkk dk vHkko             

¼2½ ok; q jsy o lM + d lqfo / kkvksa esa leUo; ugh gSaA             

¼3½ fons'kh i; ZVdksa ds dksbZ fo'ks "k lqj {kk ughaA             

i; ZVd ds fy, vko '; d n'kk, ¡% &

½1½ i; ZVu {ks = esa Hkze.k dh lqfo / kk, ¡             

¼2½ i; ZVdkas dh ekax dks larq "V djus dh {kerk             

½3½ i; ZVdksa ds vuqdwy okrkoj.k             

jkstxkj ds volj% &

½1½ Vw fjLV xkMM             

¼2½ Vwj eustj             

½3½ gksVy ca / ​​kd             

i; ZVu% &

i; ZVu% &

              yxkrkj o "kZ; k mlls de le; rd lSj likVs O; kikj rFkk vU; dk; ksZ ds fy, vius jgus ds LFkku ls ckgj? kweus rFkk Bgjus okys O; fDr; ksa ls ljuf? kr xfrks ; ZVu dgk tkrk gSA

                            i; ZVu euq "; dh uhjltj Hkkjh ftUnxha esa uohurk tkudkfj; ksa o euksjatu ds ek /; e lsa izHkkoh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA i; ZVu gekjs vleu esa ubZ kk lj dk lkfSA lkwj lkwj lkwj lkfj lkwjkjj lkfj lkfj lkwjkjjkjk ljkj lk djkk lj dkjk lk dk ljk dk lkfj lkwjk lkwj lkwjkjk lkwjk ljfjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk djk lkwjk lkwjk djkk by lkwjk dk ujjk lkwjk djk lkwj; kk izkIr djrh gSA i; ZVu ls gesa vius ns'k lekt lkaLÑfrd o / kjksgj dks fudV ls le> us dk izkIr gksrk gSA i; ZVu ds fodkl ls izkÑfrd lkSUn; Z esa gsk; ZVd mldh vksj vkdf "kZr gksrs gSaA

                            i; ZVu fo'o euksjatu vkilh ln ~ Hkko fopkj fofue; rFkk lkaLÑfrd vknu iznku djus dk ek /; e gSA, d, Slh xfrfof / k ds: i esa gSaA tks lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd n`f "V ls vR; kf / kd lgk; d gSA jk" Vª; vFkZO; oLFkk esa i; ZVu dk fo'ks "k; ksxnku gSA

vejda.Vd igq¡p ekxZ &

lM + d ekxZ% & bykgkckn] jhok] 'kgMksy] fcykliqj] tcyiqj] flouh] e.Myk] vuwiiqj] isUMªkjksM] fp = dwV ls lh / ks cl lsok miyC / ​​k gSA

jsy ekxZ% & fudVre jsYos LVs ' ku] isUMªkjksM, oa vuwiiqj

ok; qekxZ% & jk; iqj ¼N-x-½] tcyiqj ¼e-iz-½

vU; lehiLFk i; Zvu LFky vejdaVd% &

¼1½ dkUgk jk "Vªh; m | ku & 250 fdeh-                                                       

¼2½ ckU / kox <+ jk "Vªh; m | ku & 225 fdeh-                                                       

½3½ vpkudekj vH; kj.k & 65 fdeh-                                                       

¼4½ tcyiqj ¼HksM + k? KkV] / kq¡vk / kkj½ & 240 fdeh-                                                       

½5½ Jh egkek; k eafnj jRkuiqj & 120 fdeh-                                                       

vU; lqfo / kk, ¡% &

¼ 1 ½ fpfdRlk% & izkFkfed LokLF; dsUnz dY; kk lsok vkJe} kjk pfYyr Jh paUnzk pk; Z vLirky             

¼2½ cSad% & LVsV cSad vkWQ bf.M; k] iksLV vkWfQlrkj? Kj vkolh; lqfo / kk, ¡             

½3½ Mkd caxyk yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx             

¼4½ gkyh Ms gkse             

½5½ Jh dY; kk lsok vkJe             

½6½ i; ZVu / keZ'kkyk             

½7½ Jh vkfnukFk tSu eafnj             

i; ZVu ds lq> ko% &

½1½ fons'kh i; ZVdksa ds vkarfjd lqj {kk iznku dh tkuh pkfg, A             

¼2½ i; ZVu dks izkphu Hkkj ds lkFk & lkFk uohu Hkkjr esa Hkh voxr djkuk pkfg, A             

¼3½ i; ZVdksa dh f'kdk; rksa, oa vlqfo / kkvksa dk fujkdj.k fd; k tkruk pkfg, A             

¼4½ ok; q jsy, oa lM + d lqfo / kkvksa esa leUo; LFkkfir djuk pkfg, A             

¼5½ i; ZVdksa Bgjus ds fy, mfpr O; oLFkk gksuk pkfg, A ftlls mUgsa jgus esa dksbZ ijs'kkuh u gksA             

¼6½ i; ZVu {ks = dh fLFkfr, oa ml jk "Vª esa i; ZVdksa ds vkd" kZ.k dsUnzksa dk gksukA             

ns'kkarj ov {kka'k fLFkfr% &

1- fLFkfr% & 22% 44 - m- v {kka'k 81 - 54 * iz- ns'kkaUrj]               

2- leqnz lrg ls Å¡pkbzZ% & 1060-70 eh-               

3- tyok; q% & ¼1½ o "kkZ _rq% & e /; twu ls flraEcj               

¼2½ ' khr _rq% & vDVwcj ls Qjojh

¼3½ xzh "e _rq% & ekpZ ls e /; twu

4- rkieku% &               

½1½ xzh "e _rq vf / kdre 38 - C U; wure 16 - C

                                                                      ½2½ 'khr _rq vf / kdre

5- oL =% & 'khr _rq es Åuh               

6- Hkk "kk cksyh% & fgUnh cqUnsyh               

7- loksZÙke ekSle% & xzh "e _rq               

8- xzkeh.k esyk% & egkf'kojkf = iw.kZ oS'kk [h iwf.kZek, oa ueZnk t; UrhA               

lUnHkZ xzaFk lwph

¼ 1 ½ MkW- nqcs ds0, u0 & vejda.Vd n'kZu                                                       

½2½ MkW- f = ikBh: nzns.k & i; ZVu LFky                                                       

½3½ gfj Hkwfe & i; ZVu if = dk                                                                     

ifjHkk"kk (Definition)

,d gh vkdkj rFkk izdkj ds ikS/kksa dk og leqg tks fdlh {ks= esa fdlh fo’ks"k le; ij vkfFkZd ykHk ds fy;s mxk;k tkrk gS]Qly dgykrk gSA

_rqvksa ds vk/kkj ij  Qlyks adks rhu Hkkxkss esa ckWVk x;k gS&

1-   [kjhQ dh Qlysa (kharif ki  crops)%& buds teko o dus ds le; vf/kd rkidze o c<+okj ds fy;s vf/kd vknzrk dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA ;s ekulwu vkus ij izk;% twu&tqykbZ esa cksbZ tkrh gSA tSls& /kku] cktjk] vjgj eDdk]dikl] ewWxQyh fry mMn vkfnA

2-   jch dh Qly(rabi crops)%&budh c<+okj ds fy;s de rkidze rFkk teko o idus ds fy;s dqN vf/kd rkidze rFkk 'kq"d tyok;q ;k de vknzZrk dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA bu Qlyks dh cksvkbZ izk;% vDVwcj&uoEcj esa dh tkrh gSA tSls& xsgW]tkS] puk eVj vkyw vkfnA

3-   tk;n dh Qlys Zaid Crops)%& bu Qlyks esa vf/kd rki o rst xeZ o 'kq"d gok dks lgu djus dh {kerk gksrh gSA budh cksvkbZ Qjojh ls ebZ rd dh tkrh gSA tSls& [kjcwt djsyk ddM+h ykSdh vkfnA

xsgwW

botanical name -Triticum aestivum

family -grammineae

1

fo "k; & lwph

1- izLrkouk  

2- mn ~ s';  

3- vejdaVd ds n'kZuh; LFky  

4- , sfrgkfld n`f "V ls i; ZVu dh fLFkfr  

5- Hkkjr esa i; ZVu foHkkx fuxe  

6- vejdaVd igqpus dk ekxZ  

7- i; ZVu dss lq> ko  

8- vejdaVd dh ns'kkarh ov {kka'k fLFkfr  

9- lUnZHk xzaFk lwph                                           i; Zvu vejdaVd

Ishlarcouk & VejdkVd vuwiiqj ftys dh iq "Ijktksh <+ rglhy esa vkezdV ls vejda.Vd cukA ; c LFkku foU /; kapy vkSj lriqM + Flash ioZr Jsfkk; ksa ds iwoZ esa flFkr esdy igkfM +; ksa esa clk gSA . vkfn n'kZuh; LFky gSA

                                          ; gk¡ 10 oh 11 oh 'krkCnh esa dypqjh jktoa'k ds' kkldksa} kjk cuk; sx; s izkphu eafnj gSA

                                          v ejda.Vd ueZnk dk mn ~ xe LFky gksus ds dkj.k izfl) rhFkZ gSaA; g esdy Jsf.k; ksa ij clk gqvk gSA; gk¡ lqUnj euksje, oa je.kh; LFky gS] tks pkjks vksj ls taxy ls f? Kjk gqvk gSA

                                          ; gk¡ yksx ueZnk th ds n'kZu ds lkFk & lkFk; gk¡ ds euksje n` "; ns [kus vkrs gSA blhfy, foU /; iq = esdy dh ioZr J`a [kyk o je.kh; okrkoj.k vejda .Vd dks rhFkZ ds lkFk u; uk & fHkjke i; ZVu LFky dk Lo: i Hkh iznku djrs gSA rhu gtkj fQV ls Hkh vf / kd Å¡pkbZ ij clk ds iBkjh izns'k ls ns dsy ks oks. `{k vkSj LoPN okrkoj.k ds dkj.k euksje dgykrk gSA 

Jh vejdaVd rhFkZ e /; izns'k ds vuwiiqj ftys esa l? ku ouksa ds e /; clk gqvk NksVk lk lqUnj fnO; Uxj GS ; Gk Gesa Fo'ks "K Izdkj Dh / Kkfe Zd Vk /; KfRed VuqHkwfr Gksrh GSA VejdaVd Esdy IoZr Ij FLFkfr Ifo = Uxj GSA VejdaVd IkSjkfkkd JgL; Ksa Ls Hkjh FnO; Riks Uxjh ¼ Tiksukshj½ c Agriculture

; gkW cz Egk] fo ".kq] egs'k, oa vusd ( vejdaVd ueZnk, oa lksu unh dk mn ~ xe LFk y gS A fgUnqvks dk iq .; LFky vejdaVda ou {ks = ls f? kjk gqvk gSvk gSvk ; kpy ioZr ekykvksa esa leqnzry ls 1 gtkj 65 ehVj mpkbZ i j fLFkr gS; gkW dh nqX / k / kkjk] d fiy / kkjk ekWbZ dh cfx; k] Hk`xq deaMy bRkfR jefk; g okbZ vM ~ Mk tcyiqj ; gkW ls 245 fdyks0 nwj fLFkr gS A fudVre jsyos LVs'ku iSUM ~ k jksM 12 fdyks0 nwjh ij vuwiiqj 48 fdyks0 nwjh ij fLFkr gS A iVlx Bvkz gvk dvkl gvk dxlVGk dVGd jVdk dVGd jk dxlVK ~ gVk dxlKViKlKi | / keZ 'kkyk, ¡ miyC / ​​k gS A

vejda.Vd esa f'kojkf = ioZ dk cgqr egRo gSA pUnzxzg.k esa Hkh; gk¡ cgqr ls rhFkZ; k = h vkrs gSaA dgk tkrk gS] fd ^^ xaxk th ds Luku djus i ks z zk lsk ksvk th ds n'kZu ek = ls gh ikiksa dk var gks tkrk gSA

mís'; % &

izLrqr v / ;; u ^^ Hkkjr esa i; ZVu leL; k, oa lek / kku ds fo "k; esa fd; kx; k gSA **

              izLrqr v / ;; u dk mís'; Hkkjr ds izeq [ki; ZVu LFkyksa dks izdk'k esa ykuk rFkk ogk¡ ij fo | eku leL; kvksa dh fpUgksa dks tM + ls feVkuk pkfg, A

              pwfd i; ZVu, dm | ksx ds: i esa LFkkfir gks pqdk gSA Hkkjr ds cgqla [; k leqnk; izR; {k; k ijks {k: i ls y {; fxr gks jgk gSA

              blfy, tc ch -, - f} rh; o "kZ dh Nk = k ds: i esa ifj; kstuk dk; Z djus dk volj feyk gS] rks eSus vius ifj; kstuk dk; Z ds fy, i; ZVu ds {ks = esa dk; Z djuk fuf'pr fd; kA

              eS Lo; a, d / kkfeZd egRo ds i; ZVu LFky vejda.Vd ds utnhdh xzke ds fuoklh gw¡] A blfy, ogk¡ fd izkÑfrd lqUnjrk eq> s lnSo vkdf "kZr fd; kA

                                                                                                                              uke

                                                                                                                   nso yky

vejda.Vd ds n'kZuh; LFky% &

1- ekW ueZnk mn ~ xe LFky, oa ifjlj fLFkr dq.M rFkk fofHkUu eafnj% & egkHkkjr ds ouiwoZ es oa'k xqYe ls ueZnk mn ~ xe LFky dh tkudkjh fekqh fkfk dhkkfh dkhkkh fk dkhkkh fk dkhkkh fkfkkhhkfh dkfhkkhhkfh dkfhkkhhkfh dkhkkh fkFk dhkkh fkFk dhkkfh dk dkhkk dhhhhhhhhhh. ekurs gSA vejda.Vd esa dbZ eafnjksa dk fuek.kZ djk; kx; k gS% &               

½1½ ueZnk dk f'ko eafnj             

¼2½ dkfrZds; eafnj] Jh jke tkudh eafnj             

½3½ Jh lw; Zukjk; .k eafnj             

¼4½ ek¡ nqxkZ eafnj             

¼5½ Jh jk / kk Ñ ".k eafnj] X; kjg: nz eafnj vkfnA             

ekbZ dh cfx; k% &

ueZnk eafnj ls iwoZ fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 1 fdeh0 dh nwjh ij ekbZ dh cfx; k uked euksje LFkku gSA ftls pj.kksnd dq.M ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA; c ueZnk dk Øhn + K LFky gSA ekbZ dh cfx; k LFkku ds lUnHkZ esa, d tuJqfr izpfyr gS] fd Jh ueZnk th ckY; dky esa blh cfx; k esa viuh l [kh xqyckdkoyh ds lkFk ØhM + k fd; k djrh gSA

lksuewM + k ¼lksuHknz mnxe LFky½% &

ekbZ dh cfx; k ls yxHkx 1 fdeh0 dh nwjh ij nf {kk fn'kk dh vkSj lksuewM + k uked LFky gSA czEgk th ds ekul iq = lksu dk mn ~ xe LFky gSA lksu mn ~ xk mn ~ e dq.M gSA lksu rFkk Hknz nksuksa dk laxe dq.M lehi gh gSA laxe gksus ds i '~ pkr lksuHknz, du; k uke cudj vkxs izokfgr gksrs gSA laxe dq.M lj hj i jhxh x dj.x lj y khj tyizikr ls fxjus ds i '~ pkr Hkw xHkZ esa lekfgr gks tkrs gSA vkSj vUnj gh vUnj yxHkx 60 eh0 dh nwjh ij lksu cpokj uked LFkku ls iqu% izdV gksrsa gSA vkxs pydj fo'kky unh dk: Epic /kkgkk dj ysrs gSA

tkys'oj eafnj% &

                                          Jh ueZnk eafnj ls mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 8 fdeh- dh nwjh ij tkys'oj ¼egksno½ uked ck.kfyax LFkkfir gSA

                                          Ldan iqjk.k ls yh x; h dFkk lr; qxesa cyh uke dk Js "B nSR; Fkk] mlds iq = dk uke ok.kklqj Fkk] mldh lgL = Hkqtk, a FkhA lgL = Hkqtkvjk ds; f / kd cy'kkyh Fkk ok.kklqj, d lgL = fnO; o "kksZ rd Hkxoku 'kadj dh vkjk / kuk dhA vkjk / kuk ls larq" V gksdj Hkxoku' kadj us oj ek¡xus dks dgkA

                                          Okk.kklqj cksyk & Hkxoku! esjk uxj fnO; rFkk lEiw.kZ nsorkvksa ds fy, vts; gks tk; s] vkidks NksM + dj nwljs fdlh vU; nsork dk izos'k dj ikuk vlEHko gksaA esjk; g uxj esjs fLFkj jgus ij fLFkj jgs vkSj esjs pyus ij lkFk & lkFk pys, oa loZnk esjs fpRr ds vuqdwu gx dx jx xxxxxxk xxxxk xxxxk xxk xxk xxx xxxxx / xkx / o / o / your OO / O / O / O / O / O O PH / O / O ".kq rFkk Hkxoku czEgka us, d &, d dj ojnku ns fn; kA rhu iqj izkIr djus ds ckn ok.kklqj f = iqj dgyk; k; s rhuks iqj Øe'k% yksgk] pk¡nho, o. ds FksA

                                          ok.kklqj oj ikdj vR; f / kd 'kfDr'kkyh gks x; k vkSj' kfDr ds? keaM esa; {k] fo / kk? kj] nso] nkuo] xU / koZ vkSj jk {klksa ds leLr fuokku LF fuku lekIr dj MkykA ok.kklqj ls Hk; Hkhr gksdj leLr nsork Hkxoku f'ko ds ikl igq¡ps vkSj dgk & Hkxoku vki gh gekjksa izk.kksa dj {kk dj ldrsa gSaRj uqd; ds ladV ls cpkb; sA

dfiy / kkjk% &

Jh ueZnk eafnj ls if'pe fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 6 fdeh- dh nwjh ij dfiy / kkjk uked LFkku gSA bl LFkku ij Jh ueZnk th dk izFke tyizikr cM + s izp. fxjrk gSA bl LFkku ij Jh ueZnk th dh ty / kkjk dh pkSM + kbZ yxHkx 20 fQV gSA

                            iqjk.kksa, oa fdoanfUr; ksa ds vuqlkj Jh ueZnk th dh ty / kkjk dks dfiyeqfu us jksdus dk iz; kl fd; k Fkk] rc Jh ueZnk us mÙkj fn; k gS fnO; Kkuh vkids vuqjks / k ls eS vR; Ur izlUu gw¡] eS: d ugh ldrh ijUrq bruk vk'khZokn vo '; ns ldrh gw¡] fd Hkfo "; rqEgkjk uke vej gks tk; sxkA

              nw / k / kkjk% &

              dfiy / kkjk esa if'pe fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 1 fdeh- dh nwjh ij nw / k / kkjk uked Jh ueZnk th dk f} rh; tyizikr gS]? kus ouksa ds e /; euksje NVk mifLFkr djrk gS] tyizikr dh Å¡pkbZ yxHkx 10 fQV gSA

                                          iqjk.kksa ds vuqlkj bl LFkku ij nqokZlk _f "k us ti fd; k Fkk] bl dkj.k bl LFkku dk uke nqokZlk / kkjk iM + k ijUrq dkykUrj esa bldk viHkzUj kj: lj kj kA tuJqfr; ksa ds vuqlkj blh LFkku ij jhok jkT; ds jktdqekj dks nw / k dh / kkjk ds: i esa Jh ueZnk th us n'kZu fd; k FkkA

ekbZ dk e.Mi% &

              Jh ueZnk eafnj ls iwoZ fn'kk dh vksj ekbZ dh cfx; k gksrs gq, dPps ekxZ ij yxHkx 8 fdeh- iSny pyus ij ekbZ dk e.Mi uked LFkku vkrk gSA tuJqfr ds vuqlkj bl LFkk ij Jh ueZnk th dk fookg czEgkiq = lksu ds lkFk gksus okyk fdUrq fo? u iM + us ds dkj.k fookg u gks ldkA ekbZ dk e.Mi? kus taxyksa ds e /; Jh nqxkZ / kkjk unh ds rV ij fLFkr gSA

                                          bl LFkku ij <ksy rFkk vkVs dh yksbZ dh Hkk¡fr fn [kkbZ nsus okys iRFkj ds cM + s & cM + s pV ~ Vku gS] ftUgsa ns [ksus ij, Slk izrhr gksrk gS] eku; gh Fks vkVs dh yksbZ rFkk <ksy gSA blh LFkku ij nks dq.M cus gq, gSaA ftUgsa gkaMh dq.Mh dgk tkrk gSA tuJqfr; ksa ds vuqlkj Fks dq.M ngst ds leku

vkfnukFk tSu eafnj% &

              Jh ueZnk eafnj ls mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 1 fdeh- dh nwjh ij Jh vkfnukFk tSu eafnj cuk gqvk gSA ije iwT; Jh 108 vkpk; Z Jh fo | klkxj th egkjkt dh iszj.kk ls vkt bl ikou Hkwfe ij HkO; fouky; dk fuekZ.k fd; k tk jgk gS] ftlesa Hkxoku Jh _ "kHk ~ nso dh v" V / kkrq ls fufeZr 24 Vu ¼24] 000] 00 fdxzk-½ out dh 10 fQV Å¡ph izfrek gS] Jh vkfnF dh izfrek dks / kkrqvksa ls fufeZr 1 dey ij fojkteku fd; kx; k gSA dey dk out yxHkx 17 Vu ¼17] 000] 00 fdxzk-½ gSA pkSM + k 125 fQV, oa f'k [kj dh Åxk fQV gksxhA eafnj dh uho dh xgjkbZ yxHkx 25 fQV gS], oa uho dh pqukbZ gtkjksa o "kZ iw.kZ dh okLrqfon i) fr ls dh xbZ gSA pqukbZ esa pwuk] nqMk] nqMk] xqk] nqMk] nqMk] xqm

cgxM + ukyk% &

              Jh ueZnk eafnj ls mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj yxHkx 35 fdeh- dh nwjh ij jktsUnzxzke ds fudV cgxM + ukyk uked Jh x.ks'k th dk eafnj gSA cgxM + ukyk ehn dfj.x; izfrek LFkkfir gSA fnO; dgus dk rkRi; Z; g gS] fd izfrek Lor% gh tknwbZ <ax ls i`Foh ij izdV gqbZ] tks Øe'k% c <+ rh gh tk jgh gSA orZeku esa Jh x.ks'k th dh izfrek dh Å¡pkbZ yxHkx 10 fQV gSA

                                          Hkxoku Jh x.ks'k eafnj ds ikl gh dYoqfjdkyhu f'ko eafnj [kf.Mr voLFkk esa gSA Hkxoku Jh x.ks'k eafnj ds fudV gh xkSjh dq.M rFkk xkSjh xqQk] konkyk esa tkdj [kqyrk gSA, Slk dgk tkrk gS] fd ekrk ikoZrh Hkxoku f'ko 'kadj th dh riL; k ds fy, blh LFkku ij vk; h Fkh, oa Hkxoku x.ks'k th dk lorkk ij gqvk FkkA

, sfrgkfld n`f "V ls i; ZVu dh fLFkfr% &

                            Ikzkphu dky ls fofHkUu fo} kuksa rFkk n'kZfud vk; ksZ tks vius bPNk 'kfDr dks vf / kd foLr`r rFkk rks viuh; k = k ds ek /; e ls, sfrgkfld uohurk ohkuk.

                            eaxLFkuhy dgr; ku gsulkax vkfnA izkphu dky esa Hkjr vkus okys, Sls i; ZVd tks fd viuh; k = k ds ek /; e ls bfrgkl dks, d uohu n`f "V iznku djus esa dZk VZkZk Vk dkk zF Vk dkk Vfk d zk V Fk V dk Vk V dk Vk V d zk V Vk V d f V z d V V k d f z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z k d z e d f l d k d k e d l; fodkl esa i; ZVu vkfFkZd n`f "V ls tks egRoiw.kZ fl) gq, A

                            vFkkZr fdlh jk "Vª ds fodkl esa i; ZVu vkfFkZd n`f" V ls rks egRoiw.kZ fl) gq, gh vkSj fofHkUu jk "Vªksa esa lkaLÑfrd ifjorZu ykus esa, d egRkk gSA

Hkkjr i; ZVu fodkl fuxe

LFkkiuk mís'; % &

              Hkkjr ds i; ZVu ds fodkl esa Hkkjr i; ZVu fodkl fuxe ITDC eq [; Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA Hkkjr i; ZVd fodkl fuxe dh LFkkiuk lkoZtfud {ks = esa, d la; qDr mnØe ds: i esa rhu i`Fkd fu; eksa dk, dkdhdj.k djd lSa lu ~ 19k

i; ZVd dh leL; k, ¡% &

½1½ O; kid, oa vHkkoh izpkj izLrkj O; oLFkk dk vHkko             

¼2½ ok; q jsy o lM + d lqfo / kkvksa esa leUo; ugh gSaA             

¼3½ fons'kh i; ZVdksa ds dksbZ fo'ks "k lqj {kk ughaA             

i; ZVd ds fy, vko '; d n'kk, ¡% &

½1½ i; ZVu {ks = esa Hkze.k dh lqfo / kk, ¡             

¼2½ i; ZVdkas dh ekax dks larq "V djus dh {kerk             

½3½ i; ZVdksa ds vuqdwy okrkoj.k             

jkstxkj ds volj% &

½1½ Vw fjLV xkMM             

¼2½ Vwj eustj             

½3½ gksVy ca / ​​kd             

i; ZVu% &

i; ZVu% &

              yxkrkj o "kZ; k mlls de le; rd lSj likVs O; kikj rFkk vU; dk; ksZ ds fy, vius jgus ds LFkku ls ckgj? kweus rFkk Bgjus okys O; fDr; ksa ls ljuf? kr xfrks ; ZVu dgk tkrk gSA

                            i; ZVu euq "; dh uhjltj Hkkjh ftUnxha esa uohurk tkudkfj; ksa o euksjatu ds ek /; e lsa izHkkoh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA i; ZVu gekjs vleu esa ubZ kk lj dk lkfSA lkwj lkwj lkwj lkfj lkwjkjj lkfj lkfj lkwjkjjkjk ljkj lk djkk lj dkjk lk dk ljk dk lkfj lkwjk lkwj lkwjkjk lkwjk ljfjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk lkwjk djk lkwjk lkwjk djkk by lkwjk dk ujjk lkwjk djk lkwj; kk izkIr djrh gSA i; ZVu ls gesa vius ns'k lekt lkaLÑfrd o / kjksgj dks fudV ls le> us dk izkIr gksrk gSA i; ZVu ds fodkl ls izkÑfrd lkSUn; Z esa gsk; ZVd mldh vksj vkdf "kZr gksrs gSaA

                            i; ZVu fo'o euksjatu vkilh ln ~ Hkko fopkj fofue; rFkk lkaLÑfrd vknu iznku djus dk ek /; e gSA, d, Slh xfrfof / k ds: i esa gSaA tks lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd n`f "V ls vR; kf / kd lgk; d gSA jk" Vª; vFkZO; oLFkk esa i; ZVu dk fo'ks "k; ksxnku gSA

vejda.Vd igq¡p ekxZ &

lM + d ekxZ% & bykgkckn] jhok] 'kgMksy] fcykliqj] tcyiqj] flouh] e.Myk] vuwiiqj] isUMªkjksM] fp = dwV ls lh / ks cl lsok miyC / ​​k gSA

jsy ekxZ% & fudVre jsYos LVs ' ku] isUMªkjksM, oa vuwiiqj

ok; qekxZ% & jk; iqj ¼N-x-½] tcyiqj ¼e-iz-½

vU; lehiLFk i; Zvu LFky vejdaVd% &

¼1½ dkUgk jk "Vªh; m | ku & 250 fdeh-                                                       

¼2½ ckU / kox <+ jk "Vªh; m | ku & 225 fdeh-                                                       

½3½ vpkudekj vH; kj.k & 65 fdeh-                                                       

¼4½ tcyiqj ¼HksM + k? KkV] / kq¡vk / kkj½ & 240 fdeh-                                                       

½5½ Jh egkek; k eafnj jRkuiqj & 120 fdeh-                                                       

vU; lqfo / kk, ¡% &

¼ 1 ½ fpfdRlk% & izkFkfed LokLF; dsUnz dY; kk lsok vkJe} kjk pfYyr Jh paUnzk pk; Z vLirky             

¼2½ cSad% & LVsV cSad vkWQ bf.M; k] iksLV vkWfQlrkj? Kj vkolh; lqfo / kk, ¡             

½3½ Mkd caxyk yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx             

¼4½ gkyh Ms gkse             

½5½ Jh dY; kk lsok vkJe             

½6½ i; ZVu / keZ'kkyk             

½7½ Jh vkfnukFk tSu eafnj             

i; ZVu ds lq> ko% &

½1½ fons'kh i; ZVdksa ds vkarfjd lqj {kk iznku dh tkuh pkfg, A             

¼2½ i; ZVu dks izkphu Hkkj ds lkFk & lkFk uohu Hkkjr esa Hkh voxr djkuk pkfg, A             

¼3½ i; ZVdksa dh f'kdk; rksa, oa vlqfo / kkvksa dk fujkdj.k fd; k tkruk pkfg, A             

¼4½ ok; q jsy, oa lM + d lqfo / kkvksa esa leUo; LFkkfir djuk pkfg, A             

¼5½ i; ZVdksa Bgjus ds fy, mfpr O; oLFkk gksuk pkfg, A ftlls mUgsa jgus esa dksbZ ijs'kkuh u gksA             

¼6½ i; ZVu {ks = dh fLFkfr, oa ml jk "Vª esa i; ZVdksa ds vkd" kZ.k dsUnzksa dk gksukA             

ns'kkarj ov {kka'k fLFkfr% &

1- fLFkfr% & 22% 44 - m- v {kka'k 81 - 54 * iz- ns'kkaUrj]               

2- leqnz lrg ls Å¡pkbzZ% & 1060-70 eh-               

3- tyok; q% & ¼1½ o "kkZ _rq% & e /; twu ls flraEcj               

¼2½ ' khr _rq% & vDVwcj ls Qjojh

¼3½ xzh "e _rq% & ekpZ ls e /; twu

4- rkieku% &               

½1½ xzh "e _rq vf / kdre 38 - C U; wure 16 - C

                                                                      ½2½ 'khr _rq vf / kdre

5- oL =% & 'khr _rq es Åuh               

6- Hkk "kk cksyh% & fgUnh cqUnsyh               

7- loksZÙke ekSle% & xzh "e _rq               

8- xzkeh.k esyk% & egkf'kojkf = iw.kZ oS'kk [h iwf.kZek, oa ueZnk t; UrhA               

lUnHkZ xzaFk lwph

¼ 1 ½ MkW- nqcs ds0, u0 & vejda.Vd n'kZu                                                       

½2½ MkW- f = ikBh: nzns.k & i; ZVu LFky                                                       

½3½ gfj Hkwfe & i; ZVu if = dk                                                                     

ifjHkk"kk (Definition)

,d gh vkdkj rFkk izdkj ds ikS/kksa dk og leqg tks fdlh {ks= esa fdlh fo’ks"k le; ij vkfFkZd ykHk ds fy;s mxk;k tkrk gS]Qly dgykrk gSA

_rqvksa ds vk/kkj ij  Qlyks adks rhu Hkkxkss esa ckWVk x;k gS&

1-   [kjhQ dh Qlysa (kharif ki  crops)%& buds teko o dus ds le; vf/kd rkidze o c<+okj ds fy;s vf/kd vknzrk dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA ;s ekulwu vkus ij izk;% twu&tqykbZ esa cksbZ tkrh gSA tSls& /kku] cktjk] vjgj eDdk]dikl] ewWxQyh fry mMn vkfnA

2-   jch dh Qly(rabi crops)%&budh c<+okj ds fy;s de rkidze rFkk teko o idus ds fy;s dqN vf/kd rkidze rFkk 'kq"d tyok;q ;k de vknzZrk dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA bu Qlyks dh cksvkbZ izk;% vDVwcj&uoEcj esa dh tkrh gSA tSls& xsgW]tkS] puk eVj vkyw vkfnA

3-   tk;n dh Qlys Zaid Crops)%& bu Qlyks esa vf/kd rki o rst xeZ o 'kq"d gok dks lgu djus dh {kerk gksrh gSA budh cksvkbZ Qjojh ls ebZ rd dh tkrh gSA tSls& [kjcwt djsyk ddM+h ykSdh vkfnA

xsgwW

botanical name -Triticum aestivum

family -grammineae